History of computers

 

Evolution of Computer

The development of personal computers has taken a long period of time to extend the use of computers at present. There were not the advanced technologies in the ancient days. So it passed through several phases to become this phase in the present days.

The development of computers from ancient days to present days can be classified into the THREE Era which are as follows.

click the device to know in detail about that.

A) Mechanical Calculation Era	B) Electro- mechanical Era	C) Electronic Computers Era
Abacus Napier’s Bone Slide Rule Pascaline Stepped Reckoner Jacquard’s  Loom Difference & Analytical Engine Lady Augusta Ada Tabulating Machine Turing Tumble Antikythera mechanical Su-song Elephant clock ball and disk integrator second ananlytical engine Marchant calculator Kerrison Predictor Z1 Curta MONIAC Globus IMP instruments Digi-comp-I and II J.V.Neuman(John von Neumann)	Mark – I ABC	ENIAC EDVAC EDSAC UNIVAC

 

History of computer in Nepal: Nepal is also in the list of countries where computers are used.

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Jacquard’s Loom

 Jacquard’s Loom

• The Jacquard system was developed in France in 1804-05 by Joseph-Marie Jacquard, improving on the original punched-card design of Jacques de Vaucanson's loom of 1745.

• This Loom was the first to use a Punch Card.

• Later the same Punch Card technology was used for Computer Programming.

• The punched cards controlled the actions of the loom, allowing automatic production of intricate woven patterns. 

• The punched-card idea was adopted later by Charles Babbage about 1830 to control his Analytical Engine, and later by Herman Hollerith for tabulating the 1890 USA census. 

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  source:thoughtco.com

Stepped Reckoner

 Stepped Reckoner:

• During 1671AD, G.V Leibniz built this device by modifying the pascaline.

• The components of this device is that centerpiece of the machine was stepped-drum gear design, which offered an elongated version of simple flat gear.

• Its main purpose is that it can perform all four arithmetic operations i.e. addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

• The main features of this device are as follows:

     a)Addition or subtraction is performed in a single step, with                           

         a turn of the crank

       b)The machine performs multiplication by repeated 

              addition, and division by repeated subtraction.

          c)The machine is about 67 cm (26 inches) long, made of 

             polished brass and steel, mounted in an oak case.  

source:wikipedia.org

Pascaline

 Pascaline:

• Pascaline was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 AD.

• IT consists of some cogs and gears rotating in complement to each other.

• Its purpose for multiplication, division, addition, subtraction.

• Its main features are as follows:

1. The Pascaline is a direct adding   

Machine.

2. The machine has to be re-zeroed before each new operation.

3. it can do calculations of more than 

8 digits.

source:wikipedia.org

Slide rule

 Slide rule:

• Slide rule was invented by an English mathematician named Wialliam Oughtered in 1620SA.D.

• Slide rule has 2 rulers engraved with numbers.

• The purpose of slide rule is for calculations of trigonometry, sum, differences, multiplication, etc.

  
  
  

• The features of slide rule are as follows:

    a) it is the first analog computing device.                                     

        b) it is based on John Napier principle.

        c) A slide rule does not depend on electricity or 

                      batteries.

source:wikipedia.org

Napier's bone

 NAPIER'S BONE:

•        Napier's Bone was invented by John Napier who was a Scottish mathematician.

•         It is a device consisting of 10 rods engraved with numbered parts. Each rod was further divided into 9 diagonal number parts.

•          The purpose of Napier's Bone is to extract square roots, divisions, multiplications.

  
  source: pinterest.com

•         The features of Napier's Bone are as follows:  

        a) It helps in rapid calculations,

        b) It is a small device of calculation.

        c) Usually it is made of wood.

source:wikipedia.org

ABACUS

 ABACUS:

• It is believed that abacus was invented by Chinese or Egyptian about 500 years ago. Chinese called it 'suan pan' which means counting device.

• Abacus consists of a frame mounted with rods along which beads or balls which are moved for calculation.

• Abacus is used for making calculations like to find sums and differences.

  

• Its features are as follows:

         a) This can in turn help to solve equations involving counting numbers.

         b) Abacus is a portable device.

         c) It is built out of wood & beads.

source:wikipedia.org